Dump trailers are versatile tools for hauling and unloading heavy materials, but selecting the right one requires careful consideration of your specific needs. From size and construction to features like lifting mechanisms and braking systems, every detail matters to ensure efficiency, safety, and long-term value.
1. Trailer Size and Type
Dump trailers range from 8 to 30 feet, with the 14-foot model being the most popular for its balance between capacity and maneuverability. The trailer size you choose should align with the weight and type of cargo you’ll be hauling, as well as your truck’s towing capacity and hitch type.
Deckover Trailers:
- Pros: Wider beds, easy pallet loading.
- Cons: Higher bed height makes debris loading harder, steeper ramp angles.
2. Frame Construction
Trailer frames come in channel, I-beam, and tubular designs:
- Channel: Affordable but least strong.
- I-beam: Stronger than channel but less sturdy than tubular.
- Tubular: Most durable but also the most expensive.
The cross-member spacing (12″, 16″, or 20″) adds to the trailer’s durability but increases weight.
3. Material and Finish
- Galvanized trailers resist rust and have better resale value.
- Bed spray liners protect high-impact areas, extending durability.
- Metal thickness: Thicker metal increases durability but also trailer weight, reducing payload capacity.
4. Lifting Mechanisms
Three common lifting systems power dump trailers:
- Telescopic Lift: Single cylinder, powerful, centrally mounted.
- Dual-Piston Lift: Two cylinders provide even lift.
- Scissor Lift: Most popular for cost-effectiveness and stability, using a single cylinder for maximum leverage.
Gravity-Down vs. Power-Down: Gravity-down saves battery power when lowering the bed.
5. Side Wall Options
- Standard walls: 24 inches high.
- Extensions: Metal or wood, with wood being more affordable but less sturdy.
- Expanded metal lath: Lightweight and allows visibility into the trailer.
6. Axles
The two main axle types are:
- Torsion Axles: Low maintenance, quieter, but expensive to repair when damaged.
- Leaf Spring Axles: More affordable repairs and better for uneven ground.
Heavy-duty trailers often use leaf spring axles because of their reliability and repair cost-efficiency.
7. Rear Gate Options
- Single Door: Heavy and difficult near buildings.
- Barn Door: Easy to latch and maneuver.
- Spreader Gate: Good for gravel and dirt but prone to rust.
- Built-in Ramps: Convenient but costly.
8. Side Gates and Ramps
- Side Gates: Essential for evenly loading pallets and accessing tie-down points.
- Ramps: Stored under or alongside the trailer, or built into the tailgate. Hydraulic ramps offer convenience but increase costs.
9. Wheels and Tires
- Aluminum Wheels: Rust-resistant but have weight limits.
- Steel Wheels: Durable and capable of carrying heavier loads.
- Tires: Always ensure proper sizing for safety and efficiency.
10. Braking Systems
Most trailers use electric drum brakes, while some offer disc brakes for better stopping power. Brakes are often auto-adjusting, reducing manual maintenance. Note that surge brakes are not legal in all states for heavy trailers.
11. Charging Systems
The hydraulic system relies on batteries. Charging options include:
- 110-volt plug-in chargers
- Truck connection via 7-way plug
- Solar panels (growing in popularity)
- Gas-powered engines (eliminate reliance on batteries)
12. Couplers and Jacks
- Couplers: Ball mount or pintle types, with adjustable tongues for better leveling.
- Jacks: Hydraulic jacks offer efficiency over manual cranking.
13. Toolboxes and Storage
Steel and plastic toolboxes provide storage, with plastic being rust-proof and more durable in harsh weather conditions.
Key Takeaways for Choosing a Dump Trailer:
- Match Trailer Size to Your Needs: Don’t over or underestimate your cargo requirements.
- Select the Right Frame and Lift Mechanism: Tubular frames and scissor lifts are generally the most reliable.
- Understand Axle Capabilities: Leaf spring axles are better for durability.
- Prioritize Braking Systems and Charging Options: Ensure compatibility with your truck.
- Factor in Maintenance Costs: Some features, like torsion axles or hydraulic ramps, might cost more upfront but save money in the long run.
Final Thoughts
A dump trailer is an investment that pays off when chosen wisely. From size and axles to side gates and hydraulic lifts, every feature affects performance and cost. Prioritize durability, functionality, and compatibility with your hauling vehicle to ensure maximum efficiency and safety. For professionals in the matter check out Grizzly Trailer Sales.
